Britain on Tuesday could become the first country to allow a "three-parent" IVF technique which doctors say will prevent some inherited incurable diseases, but which critics see as a step towards creating designer babies. The UK Parliament will vote on the technique, called mitochondrial donation, which would be a medical world first for Britain, but is fiercely disputed by some religious groups and other critics.
The treatment is known as "three-parent" in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) because the babies -- born from genetically modified embryos -- would have genes from a mother, a father and from a second female donor. It is designed to help families with mitochondrial diseases, incurable conditions passed down the maternal line, that affect around one in 6,500 children worldwide. The process involves intervening in the fertilisation process to remove mitochondria, which act as tiny energy-generating batteries inside cells, and which, if faulty, can cause inherited conditions such as fatal heart problems, liver failure, brain disorders, blindness and muscular dystrophy.
International charities and advocacy groups urged Britain to pass laws to allow the treatments, saying Tuesday's vote offers a "first glimmer of hope" of having a baby that can live without suffering. In an open letter to lawmakers, the US-based United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation, the Australian Mitochondrial Disease Foundation, as well as other groups from France, Germany, Britain, and Spain, described mitochondrial disease as
"unimaginably cruel". "It strips our children of the skills they have learned, inflicts pain that cannot be managed and tires their organs one by one until their little bodies cannot go on any more," they wrote. Critics, however, say the technique will lead to the creation of genetically modified "designer babies".
Members of parliament have been given a free vote on the proposed new laws after their debate later on Tuesday. Lawmaker Jacob Rees-Mogg said he would vote against. "At the moment there is a very clear boundary that babies cannot be genetically altered, and once you've decided that they can, even for a small number of genes, you have done something very profound, and then it's merely a matter of degree as to what you do next," he told BBC radio.
David King, director of a pro-choice campaign group, Human Genetics Alert, urged others to follow Rees-Mogg's example. This was "about protecting children from the severe health risks of these unnecessary techniques and protecting everyone from the eugenic designer baby future that will follow from this," he said.
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